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''Fountain of Time'', or simply ''Time'', is a sculpture by Lorado Taft, measuring in length, situated at the western edge of the Midway Plaisance within Washington Park in Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. This location is in the Washington Park community area on Chicago's South Side. Inspired by Henry Austin Dobson's poem, "Paradox of Time", and with its 100 figures passing before Father Time, the work was created as a monument to the first 100 years of peace between the United States and Great Britain, resulting from the Treaty of Ghent in 1814. Although the fountain's water began running in 1920, the sculpture was not dedicated to the city until 1922. The sculpture is a contributing structure to the Washington Park United States Registered Historic District, which is a National Register of Historic Places listing. Part of a larger beautification plan for the Midway Plaisance, ''Time'' was constructed from a new type of molded, steel-reinforced concrete that was claimed to be more durable and cheaper than alternatives. It was said to be the first of any kind of finished work of art made of concrete.〔 Before the completion of Millennium Park in 2004, it was considered the most important installation in the Chicago Park District.〔〔 ''Time'' is one of several Chicago works of art funded by Benjamin Ferguson's trust fund. ''Time'' has undergone several restorations because of deterioration and decline caused by natural and urban elements. During the late 1990s and the first few years of the 21st century it underwent repairs that corrected many of the problems caused by these earlier restorations. Although extensive renovation of the sculpture was completed as recently as 2005, the supporters of ''Time'' continue to seek resources for additional lighting, and the National Trust for Historic Preservation has nominated it for further funding. ==Planning== ''Time'',〔Taft, p. 35.〕 along with many other public works in Chicago, was funded by Benjamin Ferguson's 1905 gift of $1 million ($ million today), to a charitable trust formed to "memorialize events in American History". Lorado Taft initially conceived a sculpture carved from granite; an alternative plan was to have it chiseled out of Georgia marble, which it is estimated would have cost $30,000 ($) a year for five years. The planned work was intended as part of a Midway beautification which was to include a stream, lagoons, and a series of bridges: a Bridge of Arts at Woodlawn Avenue, a Bridge of Religion at the intersection of Ellis Avenue, and a Bridge of Science at Dorchester Avenue (formerly Madison Avenue).〔 As part of the plan, the two ends of the Midway were to be connected by a canal in the deep depressions linking lagoons in Jackson and Washington Parks.〔Garvey, p. 142.〕〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2009-03-25 )〕 In 1907, Taft had won the first commission from the Ferguson Fund to create the ''Fountain of the Great Lakes'' at the Art Institute of Chicago.〔 Immediately afterwards, inspired by Daniel Burnham's "Make no little plans" quote,〔 he begin lobbying for a grand Midway beautification plan. In 1912, Art Institute Trustee Frank G. Logan formally presented Taft's plans to the fund's administrators at the Art Institute of Chicago.〔Garvey, pp. 142–144.〕 Taft's proposed Midway Plaisance beautification plan included two possible commemoration themes. His first choice was to honor the memory of the World's Columbian Exposition that had been held in Jackson Park in 1893. His alternative was to commemorate the centennial of the 1814 Treaty of Ghent "marking a century of perfect understanding between England and America". Since other plans to commemorate the Exposition were under way, the second theme choice was adopted as the justification for a second Taft commission from the Ferguson Fund.〔Garvey, pp. 144–145.〕 Contemporary newspaper accounts anticipated that Taft's entire Midway beautification plan would be approved easily.〔Garvey, pp. 146–149.〕 Taft's initial commission from the trust was limited to the creation of a full-sized plaster model of ''Fountain of Time'', under a five-year $10,000 ($) annual installment contract signed on February 6, 1913. This would enable the model to be evaluated in 1918.〔 Taft first created a quarter-scale model which received the Trustees' approval in May 1915.〔〔Garvey, p. 166.〕 He eventually produced his full-scale plaster model, in width peaking in the center, with an equestrian warrior and a robed model of Father Time with a height of .〔Garvey, p. 146.〕 The installation of this model near its intended location was delayed by Taft's World War I service with the Y.M.C.A. in France as part of a corps of entertainers and lecturers,〔Taft, p. 62.〕 but was completed in 1920.〔〔Taft, p. 36.〕 However, Taft's wider vision of a Chicago school of sculpture, analogous to other philosophical Chicago schools such as the contemporaneous Chicago school of architecture style,〔Garvey, p. 140.〕 had lost momentum after the 1913 dedication of his ''Fountain of the Great Lakes''.〔Garvey, pp. 149–150.〕 The Beaux Arts style had become dated;〔〔Taft, p. 38.〕 instead of funding Taft's large-scale Midway Plaisance beautification plan, and providing the originally planned granite, bronze or Georgia marble materials, the trust only allocated sufficient funds and support for a concrete sculpture.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fountain of Time」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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